ارزیابی برنامه درسی پنهان رشته معماری بر اساس اخلاق اسلامی
An Evaluation of the Hidden Curriculum of Architecture Course based on Islamic Ethics
شناسایی برنامه درسی پنهان پیامد نگاه عمیق به لایه های زیرین آموزش و یادگیری است، که خود دارای تنوع، پیچیدگی، و ابعاد پیدا و پنهان فراوانی است. هدف از این پژوهش واکاوی و شناسایی مولفه های مهم و پربسامد برنامه درسی پنهان رشته معماری و بررسی امکان ارتقای آن ها با استفاده از مفاهیم اخلاق عملی اسلام است. در انجام پژوهش حاضر از دو روش پژوهشی استفاده شد. ابتدا با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کمی، ۲۵ مورد از پژوهش های انجام شده در حوزه برنامه درسی پنهان در رشته معماری به منزله نمونه پژوهشی شناسایی و تحلیل شدند. این بررسی به کشف پنج مولفه پر بسامد برنامه درسی پنهان معماری، مشتمل بر «سلسله مراتب قدرت»، «رقابت ناسالم»، «ابهام و رمزآلودگی روند آموزش های مدرس»، «واقعی نبودن طرح های معماری»، و «رجحان محصول بصری اثر نهایی بر فرایند طراحی» انجامید. سپس با استفاده از روش توصیفی تحلیلی به تبیین و ارزیابی این مولفه ها، بر اساس معیار ساحات پنج گانه وجودی انسان پرداخته شد. این ساحات برگرفته از نظام اخلاقی اسلام و مشتمل بر سه ساحت درونی «عقاید و باورها»، «احساسات و عواطف»، و «اراده و خواست» و دو ساحت بیرونی «گفتار» و «کردار» هستند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که براساس نظام اخلاقی اسلام، راهکارهایی عملی برای هر سه گروه تعامل کنندگان (دانشجو، مدرس، و کارکنان) در فضای آموزشی قابل طرح است که با پیاده کردن آن ها زمینه اصلاح و ارتقای سطح اخلاقی مولفه های برنامه درسی پنهان فراهم می شود.
The recognition of the hidden curriculum results from a deep insight into inner layers of pedagogy, which in turn involves varieties, complexities, with obvious and hidden dimensions. The present research aims to explore important, recurrent factors in the hidden curriculum, and examine possibilities for their improvements using the Islamic practical ethics. It uses two research methods, starting with quantitative content analysis of 25 researches on the topic. A series of five recurrent factors are thus identified: power hierarchies, unhealthy competition, ambiguity of the tutor’s didactic procedures, unreality of designs, and the preference of the visual product over the process. A descriptive-analytic approach is then adopted to explain and evaluate these factors based on quintuple realms of human existence. Taken from the Islamic ethical order, these realms in turn comprise of three internal realms of beliefs, emotions and will on one hand, and two external realms of utterance and action on the other. The results show the possibility of practical approaches based on the Islamic ethical order for all three parties involved in the school – students, tutors, staff – the implementation of which would make grounds for ethical reforms and improvements of the hidden curriculum.
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