جستاری در کاربرد مفهوم «قابليت» در طراحی و ارزيابی محيط ساخته شده
مفاهيم متعددي در حوزة دانش روانشناسي محيطي مطرح گرديده که به تأثير متقابل ساختار محيط و رفتار انسان ميپردازند و از سوي ديگر بيانگر تأثير الگوهاي رفتاري بر طراحي محيطي مناسب هستند. يکي از مفاهيمي که در اين زمينه کارايي فراواني دارد، مفهوم «قابليت» است که خاستگاه آن روانشناسي اکولوژيکي است و در رشتههاي طراحي از آن استفاده فراواني شده است؛ به طور مثال در طراحي صنعتي و معناشناسي محصول، پژوهشگران به نتايج گسترده و قابلاعتنايي در کاربردي کردن مفهوم قابليت دست يافتهاند؛ اما در معماري هنوز اين مفهوم جايگاه روشن و شفافي ندارد و بهکارگيري آن در مراحل مختلف فرايند معماري (برنامهريزي، طراحي، ارزيابي پس از بهرهبرداري، و...) با ابهامات فراواني روبهرو است. تجربة موفق کاربرد مفهوم قابليت در برخي حوزههاي طراحي نويدبخش آن است که اين مفهوم، با تعريف و تنظيم رابطة بين طراحان، کاربران، و محيطهاي ساختهشده، ميتواند به کارايي و موفقيت بيشتر پروژههاي معماري کمک کند. در پژوهش حاضر سعي شده با پرداختن به ريشههاي نظري مفهوم قابليت و مفاهيم کليدي ديگر در روانشناسي اکولوژيکي و طراحي معماري، مانند کنج، فرم و عملکرد، و عامليت، جايگاه مفهوم قابليت در طراحي و ارزيابي معماري تبيين شود. روش به کار گرفتهشده در اين پژوهش، روش تحليليـ استنتاجي براي دستيابي به يک چارچوب مفهومي است. بديهي است براي دستيابي به کاربرد دقيقتر قابليتها در مراحل مختلف طراحي معماري به پژوهشهاي بيشتري نياز است.
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