بررسی تاثیر عوامل فردی در مطالعه فرایندمحور دلبستگی به مکان با رویکرد روانشناسی شناختی (موردپژوهی: محله قره باغیها در تبریز)

An Investigation on the Effects of Individual Factors in Process-Oriented Study of Place Attachment with a Cognitive Psychological Approach (Case Study: The Gharebaghis' Neighborhood of Tabriz)

گزارش خطا
نویسنده : مینو قره بیگلو، محمدتقی پيربابایی، زهرا علی نام
نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
زبان : فارسی
دوره : 21
شماره : 2
زمان انتشار : تابستان 1395

تضعیف پیوند انسان به مکان‌های مسکونی و کاهش هویت و پایداری ساکنین در محلات مسکونی باعث افزایش نقل و انتقال ساکنین در محیط‌های مسکونی شده است. در این پیوند، دلبستگی به مکان و مباحث شناختی از عوامل اصلی و مهم در غلبه بر این مشکلات و موضوع پایداری محیطی می‌باشد. هدف تحقیق بررسی تأثیر عوامل فردی در مطالعه فرایندمحور دلبستگی به مکان با رویکرد روان‌شناسی شناختی می‌باشد و در پی پاسخگویی به این سؤال است که "عوامل فردی چگونه و به چه میزان بر مطالعه فرایندمحور دلبستگی به محله با رویکرد روان‌شناسی شناختی تأثیر می‌گذارند؟". تحقیق ترکیبی از روش کیفی (مصاحبه) و روش کمی (پرسشنامه) میباشد که به تعداد 297 نمونه در مقیاس محله (قره‌باغی‌ها) در شهر تبریز انجام گرفت. یافته‌های تحقیق حاکی از آن است که ویژگی‌های فردی سن، جنسیت، وضعیت تاهل، شغل، وضعیت مسکن، مدت سکونت، شیوه جابجایی و میزان پیاده‌روی رابطه معناداری با فرایند سه بعدی دلبستگی به مکان (احساس، شناخت، رفتار) دارند و میزان تحصیلات تنها متغیری است که با بعد شناخت فرایند دلبستگی رابطه معناداری برقرار نمی‌کند. دستاورد این تحقیق، معرفی عوامل فردی مؤثر بر ارتقای ابعاد عاطفی، شناختی و رفتاری فرایند دلبستگی به مکان و میزان اثرگذاری و اهمیت هریک در این فرایند، می‌باشد.


Human’s weakened bond to residential areas, compromised identity and stability of residents in residential areas, have resulted in higher rate of transfer. Nowadays, following the loss of importance, the texture of neighborhoods has lost its relation with in the perception of the human living in it and has confronted him with a serious crisis of identity. In this regard, place attachment and cognitive issues are among the most important factors in overcoming these problems and environmental sustainability. Place attachment is an urban space quality and yet it has a form of product-based output, it needs to pay a serious attention to stages and process of place attachment. Hence, extraction of factors involved in the formation of place attachment and applying them in future designs is a prerequisite for fulfillment of needs and realizing goals through the place. In analyzing the process, it is important to apply relevant sciences to process of human cognition and relationship between human and environment. Since as part of a broader and wider field of cognitive science, cognitive psychology deals with relationship between human intellectual processes and environment, understanding cognitive structures and new methods of research in this field will provide designers with valuable information.
The aim of research is to investigate the effects of individual factors in process-oriented study of place attachment with a cognitive psychological approach. Research with the presupposition that each of the individual factors differently affects the realization of attachment and the effectiveness rate of each on the attachment process is discussable, seeks to answer the question: "How and to what extent the individual factors affect the process-oriented study of place attachment with a cognitive psychological approach?".
Given that the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of individual factors on the place attachment process and in this process individual's understanding of the environment is examined, a specific neighborhood in Tabriz (The Gharebaghis' neighborhood) with purposeful sampling was chosen as the case study to minimize cultural and social variables affecting the attachment process, the constancy of local variables and focusing on the cognitive elements of individuals. Research is a combination of qualitative (interview) and quantitative (questionnaire). In order to determine the appropriate number of participants, first a pretest was performed as a pilot study on 40 residents of the neighborhood and after the estimation of variance for the initial sample (S2) at the confidence level of 95%, the number of the sample was increased to 297.
Results indicate that individual characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, work status, housing status, stability, traffic and walk duration have a significant relationship with the three dimensions of attachment process (emotion, cognition and behavior). Education is the only variable that does not interact significantly with the cognition dimension of the attachment process. Achievement of this research is to introduce the effective individual factors on enhancement of the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions of place attachment process and effectiveness rate of each in this process.

(2.0 مگابایت) دانلود مقاله  

مشخصات مقاله

مراجع :

استرنبرگ، ر (1392)، روانشناسیشناختی،  ترجمه دکتر کمال خرازی و دکتر الهه حجازی، چاپ چهارم، پژوهشکده علوم شناختی،  تهران.


پاکزاد، ج و بزرگ، ح (1391)،  الفبای روانشناسی محیط برای طراحان، آرمان شهر، تهران.


خرازی، ک (1385)، تاثیر علوم شناختی بر روانشناسی معاصر، مجله تازه‌های علوم شناختی، شماره 4، صص 77- 81.


سولسو، ر (1381)، روانشناسی شناختی، ترجمه فرهاد ماهر، رشد، تهران.


نرمان، ل. م (1379)، اصول روانشناسی، مترجم: محمود ساعتچی، امیرکبیر، تهران.


موسوی، م و زرگری دقیق، ه (1389)، تحلیل ساختار فضایی شهر تبریز در محدوده بارو با استفاده از تکنیک اسپیس سینتکس، مجله آبادی، شماره 67، صص 72- 77.


Aiello, L. M; Barrat, A; Cattuto, C; Ruffo, G & Schifanella, R (2010), Link creation and profile alignment in the aNobii social network, In SocialCom’10, 249–256.


Appleyard, d (1976), Planning a pluralist city, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge.


Bonaiuto, M; Aiello, A; Perugini, M; Bonnes, M & Ercolani, A.P (1999), Multidimensional perception of residential environment quality and neighborhood attachment in the urban environment, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 19, 331-352.


Bonaiuto, M; Fornara, F & Bonnes, M (2002), Indexes of perceived residential environment quality and neighborhood attachment in urban environments: a confirmation study on the city of Rome, Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol.  65, 41-52.


Borrie, W. T & Roggenbuck, J. W (2001), The dynamic, emergent, and multi-phasic nature of on-site wilderness experiences, Journal of Leisure Research, Vol. 33, 202–28.


Brower, S (1988), Design in Familiar Places: What Makes Home Environments Looks Good, Praeger, New York.


Brown, B.B & Perkins, D.D (1992), Disruptions in Place Attachment, In I. Altman and S.M. Low (Eds.), Place Attachment, Plenum Press, New York.


Brown, B; Perkins, D. D & Brown, G (2003), Place attachment in a revitalizing neighborhood: individual and block levels of analysis, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 23, 259–271.


Brown, G; Brown, B. B & Perkins, D. D (2004), New housing as neighborhood revitalization: Place attachment and confidence among residents, Environment and Behavior, Vol. 36, 749-775.


Campbell, K & Lee, B (1992), Sources of Personal Neighbor Networks: Social Integration, Need, or Time?, Social Forces, Vol. 70,1077–1100.


Chavis, D.M & Pretty, G (1999), Sense of community: Advances in measurement and application, Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 27, 635-642.


Chawla, L (1992), Childhood place attachments, In I. Altman and S.M. Low (Eds.), Place Attachment, Plenum Press, New York, 63-86.


Cohen, Y.S & Shinar, A (1985), Neighborhoods and Friendship Networks; University of Chicago, Chicago.


Cuba, L & Hummon, D. M (1993), A place to call home: identification with dwelling, community, and region. Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 34, 111–131.


Dovey, K (1999), Framing places: Mediating power in built form, Routledge, London.


Eisenhauer, B.W; Krannich, R.S & Blahna, D.J(2000), Attachments to special places on public lands: An analysis of activities, reason for attachments, and community connections, Society and Natural Resources, Vol. 13, 421-441.


Erkip, F (2010), Community and neighborhood relations in Ankara: An urban–suburban contrast, Cities, Vol. 27, 96-102.


Fisher, C; Gerson, K & Stueve, C.A (1977), Attachment to place. In C. Fisher (Eds.), Networks and Places: Social Relations in the Urban Setting, Free Press, New York.


Fried, M (2000), Continuities and discontinuities of place, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 20, 193–205.


Fried, M (1963),Grieving for a lost home, In L.J. Duhl (Eds.), The Urban Condition: People and Policy in the Metropolis, Simon and Schuster, New York.


Gifford, R (2002), Environmental Psychology: Principles and Practice, Canada, Optimal Books.


Gillis, A. R (1977), High-rise housing and psychological strain, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol.18, 418-431.


Goodchild, B (1974), Class differences in environmental perception; an exploratory study, Journal of Urban Studies, Vol. 11, 157-169.


Green, R (1999), Meaning and form in community perception of town character, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 19, 311-329.


Halpern, D (1995), Mental health and the built environment: More than bricks and mortar?, Taylor & Francis, London.


Hummon, D (1992), Community attachment: local sentiment and sense of place. In I. Altman and S.M. Low (Eds.), Place Attachment, Plenum Press, New York.


Hur, M & Morrow-Jones, H (2008), Factors that influence resident’s satisfaction with neighborhoods. Environment and Behavior, Vol. 40, 619-635.


Knez, I (2005), Attachment and identity as related to a place and its perceived climate, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 25, 207–218.


Lansing, J.B; Marans, R.W & Zehner, R.B (1970) Planned residential Environments, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan.


Lawrence, D (1992), Transcendence of Place, In I. Altman and S.M. Low (Eds.), Place attachment, Plenum Press, New York.


Lewicka, M (2005), Ways to make people active: the role of place attachment, cultural capital, and neighbourhood ties, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 25, 381–395.


Lewicka, M (2009), what makes neighborhood different from home and city? Effects of place scale on place attachment, Journal of Environmental Psychology, ?????????


Low, S. M (1992), Symbolic ties that bind. In I. Altman, & S. M. Low (Eds.), Place attachment, New York, Plenum Press, 165–185.


Low, S.M & Mc Donogh, G.W (2001), remapping the city: Place, Order and Ideology, American Anthropologist, Vol. 103, 5-6.


Low, S.M & Altman, I (1992), Place attachment: a conceptual inquiry, In I. Altman and S.M. Low (Eds.), Place Attachment, Plenum Press, New York.


Lund, H (2002), Pedestrian environments and sense of community, Journal of Planning Education and Research, Vol. 21, 301-312.


Mesch, G.S & Manor, O (1998) Social ties, environmental perception, and local attachment, Environment and Behavior, Vol. 30, 504-519.


Marcus, C.C & Sarkissian, W (1986), Housing as if People Mattered, University of California Press,Berkeley.


Marris, P (1996), The Politics of Uncertainty: attachment in private and public life, Routledge, New York.


Mazumdar, S & Mazumdar, S (2004), Religion and place attachment: a study of sacred places, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 24, 385–397.


Nasar, J. L (1998), The evaluative image of the city, Thousand Oaks, Sage, CA.


Newell, P.B (1997), A Cross-Cultural Examination of Favorite Places, Environment and behavior, Vol. 29, 495-514.


Nielsen-Pincus, M; Hall, T; Force, J. E & Wulfhorst, J. D (2010), Socio demographic effects on place bonding, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 30, 443-453.


Orleans, P & Schmidt, S. (1972) Mapping the City: Environmental Cognition of Urban Residents, In: W. Mitchell, (Eds.), Edra 3, University of California Press, Los Angeles.


Oswald, F & Wahl, H.W (2001) Housing in old age: conceptual remarks and empirical data on place attachment, IAPS Bulletin of People-Environment Studies, Vol. 19, 7-11.


Porteous, J.D (1977), Environment and Behavior: planning and everyday urban life, Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley.


Pretty, G; Chipuer, H.M & Bramston, P (2003), Sense of place among adolescence and adults in two rural Australian towns: The discriminating features of place attachment, sense of community and place dependence in relation to place identity, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 23, 273–287.


Rapoport, A (1982), The meaning of the built environment: a nonverbal communication approach, Sage Publications, Beverly Hills.


Relph, E (1976), Place and placelessness, Pion Limited, London.


Riger, S & Lavrakas, P.J (1981), Community ties: patterns of attachment and social interaction in urban neighborhoods, American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 9, 55-66.


Riley, R (1992), Attachment to the Ordinary Landscape In I. Altman and S.M. Low (Eds.), Place Attachment, Plenum Press, New York.


Rivlin, L (1987), The neighborhood, personal identity and group affiliation, In I. Altman and A. Wandersman (Eds.), Neighborhood and Community Environments, Plenum Press, New York.


Rohe, W.M & Stegman, M.A (1994), The impact of home ownership on the social and political involvement of low-income people, Urban Affairs, Vol. 30, 152-172.


Rollero, Ch & De Piccoli, N (2010), Place attachment, identification and environment perception: An empirical study, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 30, 198-205.


Rubinstein,  R.L & Parmelee, P.A (1992), Attachment to place and representation of the life course by the elderly, In I. Altman and S.M. Low (Eds.), Place Attachment; Plenum Press, New York.


Rumelhart, D.E & Norman D (1988), Representation in memory. In R.C. Atkinson; R.J. Herrnstein; G. Lindzey; R.D. Luce (Eds.), Stevens' handbook of experimental psychology, Vol. 2, learning and cognition, New York, Wiley, 511-587.


Sanoff, H (1970), Residential Patterns of Racial Change: A Study of a Southern City, Urban Affairs and Community Services Center, Raleigh.


Scannell, L & Gifford, R (2010) Defining place attachment: A tripartite organizing framework, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 30, 1-10.


Shamai, S & Ilatov, Z (2005), Measuring sense of place: Methodological aspects, Tijdschrift Voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Vol. 96, 467-476.


Tuan, Y.F (1977), Space and place: The perspective of experience; University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.


Triandis, H. C (1994), Culture and Social Behavior. New York, McGraw-Hill.


Twigger, R & Uzzell, D.L (1996) Place and identity processes, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol.16, 205–220

مسابقات

جوایز

نشریات