طراحی شهری بوم آشکار: به سوی يک چارچوب مفهومی

گزارش خطا
نویسنده : حسن تقوایی، کوروش گلکار، مرجان نعمتی مهر، آیدا اسماعيل زاده سيلابى
محل انتشار : نشریه صفه 75
نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
زبان : فارسی
دوره : 26
شماره : 75
زمان انتشار : زمستان 1395

در توسعة شهري در ايران، توجه اندکي به اکوسيستم طبيعي شهر و فرآيندها و کارکردهاي اکولوژيک آن شده است. اين شکل از توسعه با تمامي فعاليت‌هاي عامدانه و غير عامدانه در حوزة شهر، موجب از دست رفتن بسياري از خدمات اکوسيستمي محيط طبيعي شهر و کيفيت زندگي است. اين موضوع بر روي تجربة ادراکي مردم و ميزان توجه آنان به ارزش‌هاي محيط طبيعي و نيز بر روي سيستم ارزش‌گذاري آنان تأثير مستقيم دارد. هرچند توسعة شهري به هر طريق کارکرد اکولوژيک اکوسيستم را تغيير داده و به‌ناچار کيفيت آن را کاهش مي‌دهد، ولي اين کاهش کيفيت بايد تا حد امکان تقليل يابد و همچنان دسترسي به خدمات اکوسيستمي محيط طبيعي و تجربة آن توسط مردم تداوم يابد. بوم‌آشکارگي محيط شهري، از متناظرترين رويکردهايي است که در پاسخ به اين مشکل و با هدف به نمايش گذاردن کيفيت‌هاي اکولوژيک محيط طبيعي و ارتقاي خدمات اکوسيستمي مورد توجه قرار گرفته است؛ رويکردهاي طراحي و برنامه‌ريزي مانند طراحي اکولوژيک، شهرسازي منظر6 يا احياي اکولوژيک شهر7 بيان‌گرتوجه به اين موضوع هستند. پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از روش تحليلي‌ـ توصيفي به دنبال ارائة چارچوبي مفهومي در سنجش ميزان بوم‌آشکارگي محيط است که با استفاده از آن مي‌توان کيفيت بوم‌آشکارگي محيط را در رديف يکي از کيفيت‌هاي ضروري طراحي شهري مورد ارزيابي و سنجش قرار داد و مبتني بر آن محيط را طراحي کرد.

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