تصوير ذهنی گردشگران داخلی از فضاهای شهری اصفهان با رويکرد نظريه زمينه‏ ای

گزارش خطا
نویسنده : کامران ذکاوت، امير طیبی
محل انتشار : نشریه صفه 77
نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
زبان : فارسی
دوره : 27
شماره : 77
زمان انتشار : تابستان 1396

تصوير ذهني گردشگران از مقصد يکي از مهم‌ترين مفاهيم مؤثر در شناخت ادراک و رفتار آنان است. اين مطالعه با هدف فهم تصوير ذهني گردشگران داخلي از فضاهاي شهري اصفهان و طراحي مدل براي آن و به صورت کيفي و با رويکرد نظرية زمينه‏اي انجام شد. روش اصلي جمع‌آوري داده‏ها، مصاحبة نيمه‏ ساختاريافته با 30 نفر شامل 24 گردشگر داخلي بازديدکننده از فضاهاي شهري اصفهان و 6 راهنماي گردشگري بود. داده‌ها بر اساس رويکرد کربين و استراوس تجزيه‌وتحليل شدند. تحليل داده‌ها منجر به ظهور 5 مقوله شامل جست‌وجوي معني، بعد محسوس‌ـ مصنوع، جامعة ميزبان، کشف فضا، و عوامل زمينه‏اي شد. يک مدل مفهومي نيز براي توضيح روابط ميان مقولات طراحي شد. نتايج اين مطالعه مي‌تواند به طراحان شهري و متخصصان گردشگري در فهم ادراکات و نيازهاي بازديدکنندگان از فضاهاي شهري کمک کند.

(137.2 کیلوبایت) دانلود مقاله  

مشخصات مقاله

مراجع :

Alexander, Christopher, et al. A Pattern Language, Gustavo

Gili, 1977.

Appleyard, Donald. “Styles and Methods of Structuring a

City”, in Environment and Behavior, 2(1) (1970), pp. 100-117.

Baloglu, Seyhmus & David Brinberg. “Affective Images of

Tourism Destinations”, in Journal of Travel Research, 35(4)

(1997), pp. 11-15.

Baloglu, Seyhmus & Ken W. McCleary. “A Model of

Destination Image Formation”, in Annals of Tourism

Bonaiuto, Marino, et al. “Multidimensional Perception of

Residential Environment Quality and Neighbourhood

Attachment in the Urban Environment”, in Journal of

environmental psychology, 19(4) (1999), pp. 331-352.

Carmona, Matthew. Public Places, Urban Spaces: The

Dimensions of Urban Design. Routledge, 2003.

Carr, Stephen & Kevin Lynch. “Open Space: Freedom

and Control”, in Urban Open Spaces, New York: Rizzoli

International Publications, 1981.

Carr, Stephen, et al. Public Space (Cambridge Series in

Environment and Behavior), 1992.

Choi, W.M. & Andrew Chan & Janice Wu. “A Qualitative and

Quantitative Assessment of Hong Kong’s Image as a Tourist

Destination”, in Tourism Management, 20(3) (1999), pp. 361-

Chon, Jinhyung & C. Scott Shafer. “Aesthetic Responses

to Urban Greenway Trail Environments”, in Landscape

Research, 34(1) (2009), pp. 83-104.

Corbin, Juliet & Anselm Strauss. Basics of Qualitative

Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing

Grounded Theory, Thousand Oaks, San Jose State University,

USA, 2008.

Crompton, John L. “An Assessment of the Image of

Mexico as a Vacation Destination and the Influence of

Geographical Location upon that Image”, in Journal of Travel

Research, 17(4) (1979), pp. 18-23.

Dahles, Heidi. “The Politics of Tour Guiding: Image

Management in Indonesia”, in Annals of Tourism

Research, 29(3) (2002), pp. 783-800.

De Carlo, Manuela, et al. “Moving Milan towards Expo 2015:

Designing Culture into a City Brand”, in Journal of Place

Management and Development, 2(1) (2009), pp. 8-22.

Dolnicar, Sara & Bettina Grün. “Validly Measuring

Destination Image in Survey Studies”, in Journal of Travel

Research, 52(1) (2013), pp. 3-14.

Echtner, Charlotte M. & JR Brent Ritchie. “The Meaning and

Measurement of Destination Image”, in Journal of Tourism

Studies, 2(2) (1991), pp. 2-12.

Echtner, Charlotte M. & JR Brent Ritchie. “The Measurement

Holahan, Charles J. & Paul F. Sorenson. “The Role of

Figural Organization in City Imageability: An Information

Processing Analysis”, in Journal of Environmental

Psychology, 5(3) (1985), pp. 279-286.

Jacobs, Allan & Donald Appleyard. “Toward an Urban

Design Manifesto”, in Journal of the American Planning

Association, 53(1) (1987), pp. 112-120.

Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities.

Vintage, 1961.

Jiang, Bin. “The Image of the City out of the Underlying

Scaling of City Artifacts or Locations”, in Annals of the

Association of American Geographers, 103(6) (2013), pp.

-1566.

Johnson, R. Burke. “Examining the Validity Structure of

Qualitative Research”, in Education, 118(2) (1997), p. 282.

Khirfan, Luna & Bessma Momani. “(Re) Branding Amman: A

‘Lived’city’s Values, Image and Identity”, in Place Branding

and Public Diplomacy, 9(1) (2013), pp. 49-65.

Kozak, Metin & Mike Rimmington. “Tourist Satisfaction

with Mallorca, Spain, as an Off-season Holiday Destination”,

in Journal of Travel Research, 38(3) (2000), pp. 260-269.

Kozak, Metin. “Comparative Analysis of Tourist

Motivations by Nationality and Destinations”, Tourism

Management, 23(3) (2002), pp. 221-232.

Law, Christopher M. Urban Tourism: Attracting Visitors to

Large Cities, Mansell Publishing Limited, 1993.

Low, Setha M. & Gary W. McDonough. “Introduction

to ”Remapping the City: Place, Order, and Ideology””,

in American Anthropologist, 103(1) (2001), pp. 5-6.

Lui, Tai-lok. “City-branding without Content: Hong Kong’s

Aborted West Kowloon Mega-project, 1998–2006”,

in International Development Planning Review, 30(3) (2008),

pp. 215-226.

Luque-Martinez, Teodoro, et al. “Modeling a City’s Image:

The Case of Granada”, in Cities, 24(5) (2007), pp. 335-352.

Lynch, Kevin. The Image of the City, Vol. 11, MIT press, 1960.

Madanipour, Ali. Design of Urban Space: An Inquiry into a

Socio-spatial Process, John Wiley & Son Ltd, 1996.

Mannarini, Terri, et al. “Image of Neighborhood, Self-Image

Environmental Psychology, 18(3) (1998), pp. 307-319.

Raszkowski, PhD Andrzej. “The Importance of City Image in

Socio-Economic Development”, in Nierówności Społeczne a

Wzrost Gospodarczy, nr 29 (2012), pp. 335-344.

Relph, Edward. Place and Placelessness, Vol. 1. Pion, 1976.

Richardson, Alan. Mental Imagery, Springer, 2013.

Rubinstein, Robert I. & Patricia A. Parmelee. “Attachment

to Place and the Representation of the Life Course by the

Elderly”, in Place Attachment, Springer, Boston, MA, 1992, pp.

-163.

Ryan, Chris & Jenny Cave. “Structuring Destination Image:

A Qualitative Approach”, in Journal of Travel Research, 44(2)

(2005), pp. 143-150.

San Martín, Héctor & Ignacio A. Rodríguez Del Bosque.

“Exploring the Cognitive– Affective Nature of Destination

Image and the Role of Psychological Factors in its

Formation”, in Tourism Management, 29(2) (2008), pp. 263-

Sancho Esper, Franco & Jorge Álvarez Rateike. “Tourism

Destination Image and Motivations: the Spanish

Perspective of Mexico”, in Journal of Travel & Tourism

Marketing, 27(4) (2010), pp. 349-360.

Selby, Martin & Nigel J. Morgan. “Reconstruing Place Image:

A Case Study of its Role in Destination Market Research”,

in Tourism Management, 17(4) (1996), pp. 287-294.

Smith, Andrew. “Conceptualizing City Image Change: The

‘Re-imaging’of Barcelona”, in Tourism Geographies, 7(4)

(2005), pp. 398-423.

Steele, Fritz. The Sense of Place, Cbi Pub Co, 1981.

Stepchenkova, Svetlana & Xiang Robert Li. “Destination

Image: Do top-of-mind Associations Say it All?”, in Annals of

Tourism Research, 45 (2014), pp. 46-62.

Stylidis, Dimitrios & Amir Shani & Yaniv Belhassen. “Testing

an Integrated Destination Image Model across Residents

and Tourists”, in Tourism Management, 58 (2017), pp. 184-

Tasci, Asli DA & William C. Gartner. “Destination Image

and its Functional Relationships”, in Journal of Travel

Research, 45(4) (2007), pp. 413-425.

Research, 26(4) (1999), pp. 868-897.

Beerli, Asuncion & Josefa D. Martin. “Factors Influencing

Destination Image”, in Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3)

(2004), pp. 657-681.

Bentley, Ian, ed. Responsive Environments: A Manual for

Designers, Routledge, 1985.

Bojanic, David C. “The Use of Advertising in Managing

Destination Image”, in Tourism Management, 12(4) (1991),

pp. 352-355.

of Destination Image: An Empirical Assessment”, in Journal

of Travel Research, 31(4) (1993), pp. 3-13.

Fakeye, Paul C. & John L. Crompton. “Image Differences

between Prospective, First-time, and Repeat Visitors to the

Lower Rio Grande Valley”, in Journal of Travel Research, 30(2)

(1991), pp. 10-16.

Forsyth, Ann & Katherine Crewe. “New Visions for Suburbia:

Reassessing Aesthetics and Place-making in Modernism,

Imageability and New Urbanism”, in Journal of Urban

Design, 14(4) (2009), pp. 415-438.

Gallarza, Martina G. & Irene Gil Saura & Haydée Calderón

Garcıa. “Destination Image: Towards a Conceptual

Framework”, in Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1) (2002), pp.

-78.

Gartner, William C. “Image Formation Process”, in Journal of

Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2(2-3) (1994), pp. 191-216.

Gehl, Jan. Life between Buildings: Using Public Space, Island

Press, 2011.

Gilboa, Shaked, et al. “A Summated Rating Scale for

Measuring City Image”, in Cities 44 (2015), pp. 50-59.

Goodey, B. “Two Gentleman in Verona: the Qualities of

Urban Design”, STREETWISE-BRIGHTON- 4 (1993): 3-3.

Griffin, Tony & Bruce Hayllar. “Urban Tourism Precincts and

the Experience of Place”, in Journal of Hospitality Marketing &

Management, 18(2-3) (2009), pp. 127-153.

Hayllar, Bruce & Tony Griffin & Deborah Edwards. City

Spaces-Tourist Places: Urban Tourism Precincts, Routledge,

Hayllar, Bruce & Tony Griffin. “The Precinct Experience:

A Phenomenological Approach”, in Tourism

Management, 26(4) (2005), pp. 517-528.

Heidarzadeh Hanzaee, Kambiz & Hamid Saeedi. “A Model

of Destination Branding for Isfahan City: Integrating

the Concepts of the Branding and Destination Image”,

in Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, 1(4)

(2011), pp. 12-28.

Herstein, Ram & Eugene D. Jaffe. “The Children’s City—The

Transition from a Negative to a Positive City Image”, in Place

Branding and Public Diplomacy, 4(1) (2008), pp. 76-84

and Sense of Community”, in Journal of Environmental

Psychology, 26(3) (2006), pp. 202-214.

Montgomery, John. “Making a City: Urbanity, Vitality and

Urban Design”, in Journal of Urban Design, 3(1) (1998), pp.

-116.

Nasar, Jack L. “The Evaluative Image of the City”, in Journal of

the American Planning Association, 56(1) (1990), pp. 41-53.

Nasar, Jack L. & Xiaodong Hong. “Visual Preferences in

Urban Signscapes”, in Environment and Behavior, 31(5)

(1999), pp. 671-691.

Norberg-Schulz, Christian. “The Phenomenon of Place”,

in The Urban Design Reader, 3 (1976), pp. 125-137.

Nowacki, Marek & Piotr Zmyślony. “The Measurement of

City Image: Urban Tourism Market Segmentation”, in Current

Issues of Tourism Research, 2011, pp. 10-18.

Oldenburg, Ray. The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee Shops,

Bookstores, Bars, Hair Salons, and other Hangouts at the Heart

of a Community, Da Capo Press, 1999.

Pike, Steve. “Destination Image Analysis— A Review of 142

Papers from 1973 to 2000”, in Tourism Management, 23(5)

(2002), pp. 541-549.

Pike, Steven & Chris Ryan. “Destination Positioning Analysis

through a Comparison of Cognitive, Affective, and Conative

Perceptions”, in Journal of Travel Research, 42(4) (2004), pp.

-342.

Prayag, Girish. “TOURISTS’EVALUATIONS OF DESTINATION

IMAGE, SATISFACTION, AND FUTURE BEHAVIORAL

INTENTIONS— THE CASE OF MAURITIUS”, in Journal of Travel

& Tourism Marketing, 26(8) (2009), pp. 836-853.

Puczko, Laszlo & Tamara Ratz & Melanie Smith. “Old City,

New Image: Perception, Positioning and Promotion of

Budapest”, in Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 22(3-4)

(2007), pp. 21-34.

Qiu, Shangzhi, et al. “Destination Image of Japan and Social

Reform Generation of China: Role of Consumer Products”,

in Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(3) (2017), pp.

-244.

Ramadier, Thierry & Gabriel Moser. “Social Legibility,

The Cognitive Map and Urban Behaviour”, in Journal of

The Urban Task Force. Towards an Urban Renaissance,

Routledge, 2003.

Tibbalds, Francis, ed. Making People-friendly Towns:

Improving the Public Environment in Towns and Cities, Taylor

& Francis, 2012.

Tuan, Yi-Fu. “Images and Mental Maps”, in Annals of the

Association of American Geographers, 65(2) (1975), pp. 205-

________ . Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience, U

of Minnesota Press, 1977.

Vanolo, Alberto. “The Image of the Creative City: Some

Reflections on Urban Branding in Turin”, in Cities, 25(6)

(2008), pp. 370-382.

Violich, Francis. “‘Urban Reading’and the Design of Small

Urban Places: The Village of Sutivan”, in Town Planning

Review, 54(1) (1983), p. 41.

White, Christopher J. “Destination Image: To See or not to

See?”, in International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality

Management, 16(5) (2004), pp. 309-314.

Whyte, William Hollingsworth. The Social Life of Small Urban

Spaces, Conservation Foundation, 1980.

Williams, Sheryl L. & Mary Anne Moffitt. “Corporate Image

as an Impression Formation Process: Prioritizing Personal,

Organizational, and Environmental Audience Factors”,

in Journal of Public Relations Research, 9(4) (1997), pp. 237-

World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). Travel & Tourism

Economic Impact 2015, London: WTTC. 2015.

Wu, Chuntao & Carolin Funck & Yoshitsugu Hayashi. “The

Impact of Host Community on Destination (re)Branding: A

Case Study of Hiroshima”, in International Journal of Tourism

Research, 16(6) (2014), pp. 546-555.

Yeung, Henry Wai-chung & Victor R. Savage. “Urban Imagery

and the Main Street of the Nation: The Legibility of Orchard

Road in the Eyes of Singaporeans”, in Urban Studies, 33(3)

(1996), pp. 473-494.

Zhang, Li & Simon Xiaobin Zhao. “City Branding and the

Olympic Effect: A Case Study of Beijing”, in Cities, 26(5)

(2009), pp. 245-254.

مسابقات

جوایز

نشریات

منابع اینترنتی :

http://sofeh.sbu.ac.ir/