تحلیل بعد کالبدی حس تعلق به مکان در خانه‌های سنتی و مجتمع‌های مسکونی امروزی

مقاله حاضر با طرح این پرسش که چرا رنگ تعلق از چهره خانه ­های امروزی برگرفته شده است، آغاز می­گردد. برای پاسخ به این سوال، نمونه­ هایی از خانه ­های سنتی دارای سکنه و مجتمع­ های مسکونی جدید در شهر شیراز انتخاب شدند. با روش بررسی های اسنادی و میدانی، دیدگاه­ های مختلف ساکنین خانه­ ها طی پرسشنامه ­هایی در حیطه عناصر کالبدی حس تعلق مکان جمع آوری گردید و با نرم افزار (spss) تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که حس تعلق کالبدی مکان در خانه­ های سنتی در مقایسه با مجتمع­ های جدید بیشتر است. این تعلق در عناصر کالبدی، در دو ویژگی شکل و اندازه عناصر (شامل؛ شکل و اندازه حیاط، شکل و اندازه ایوان یا سردر، نورگیری و شکل در و پنجره) و بافت و تزئینات (شامل؛ تزئینات حیاط، نما و فضای داخل) در خانه­ های سنتی بیشتر نمود می­یابد. اما ویژگی روابط و چیدمان (شامل؛ دسترسی از نشیمن به سایر فضاهای خانه و دسترسی از خیابانی که خانه در آن قرار دارد به محیط داخل خانه) در مجتمع ­های مسکونی جدید دارای میانگین بالاتری نسبت به خانه ­های سنتی است. نهایتاً این نتیجه حاصل آمد که در مجتمع ­های جدید، با الگو برداری از خانه­ های سنتی و با در نظر گرفتن حیاط و تزئینات درون و برون، می­توان احساس تعلق کالبدی ساکنین را افزایش داد.

This paper is a research conducted based on the basic question that why house belonging is removed from today houses. Answer of this question will further demonstrate more importance and necessity of such studies compared with previous studies. This is because addressing such studies plays an important role in recognition of the principles of traditional architecture while modern designers and architects can use these principles to improve physical sense of place for residents of today's residential complexes as the dominant paradigm of contemporary urban housing.
In order to answer this question ( why house belonging is removed from today houses ), some case samples of traditional houses with inhabitants and new residential complexes ­ of Shiraz city were chosen and compared.  Accordingly, ­ document and field research methods were used  in this study to collect data from various view ­ point of  residents ­ by the questionnaires ­ representing features such as shape, size, texture, decoration and relationships as the physical layout of each house. Next, the questionnaires were tested and analyzed. First, based on obtained data it was concluded that the rate of the sense of belonging to house is more in traditional houses than modern complexes. Next, in order to understand the aspects of this sense of belonging to house , the main characteristic of a sense of belonging to a house in terms of traditional houses and new residential complexes , i.e. structural elements of the house with its main features, were investigated. In this study, the most important physical factors ( diagnostic criteria for a house ), which included the shape and size of elements, relationships, arrangement, context and ornaments were tested. The obtained results showed that the physical sense of place in the traditional house ­ is more than that of obtained in the new complexes.  ­This sense of belonging to place is more represented in the two features of shape and size of elements (including the size and shape of the yard, porch or portico, skylight and windows ), context and decoration (including items such as yard decorations, building decorating and interior decoration ) in the traditional houses. But the feature of relationships and arrangement (including access to other living spaces in the house and access to the street where the house is located) in the new residential complexes has a higher ­ mean when compared with traditional houses.  Finally, according to the obtained results, people who live in new residential complexes want to consider the characteristics ­ of traditional houses like increased area of courtyard or terrace, increased external and internal decoration of the house, increased size of hallways and decreased residential units within complex integrated design. Therefore, in new complexes, contemporary designers and architects can identify these features in the new apartments by considering the financial situation and options for residents of a house based on the fusion of traditional and modern architecture for contemporary residential design. Designs based on traditional houses and by considering the characteristics mentioned above will increase sense of physical belonging of residents to their houses.

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