سنجش ظرفیت توسعة فضاهای بدون استفاده در مرکز شهر قزوین؛ با تأکید بر رویکرد توسعه میان‌افزا

در پی افزایش روزافزون جمعیت و کالا و فعالیت‌ها در شهرها، راه‌حل‌های متفاوت و گاه متناقضی برای توسعه شهرها مطرح شد، که بهره‌گیری از این راه‌حل‌ها به شکل‌گیری حومه‌ها، حاشیه‌نشینی، مهاجرت گسترده روستاییان به شهرها و پیامدهایی از این دست، به‌ویژه در اواخر قرن بیستم، دامن زد. ادامه این روند، ضمن آنکه رشد پراکنده شهرها را در اراضی و محیط زیست اطراف‌شان موجب شد، زمینه بازماندن نواحی مرکزی شهرهای سنتی را نیز از جریان توسعه فراهم آورد؛ اما با مطرح شدن رویکردهای جدید توسعه شهری نظیر توسعه میان‌افزا، نگرش توسعه پایدار و استفاده از امکانات موجود در دستور کار قرار گرفت. بنابراین سطوح میان‌افزا ـ سطوحی که به‌رغم دارا بودن تأسیسات، تجهیزات زیرزمینی و روزمینی، و دسترسی مناسب به مراکز خدماتی شهر از جریان توسعه بازمانده و متروک و بی‌استفاده باقی مانده‌اند‌ـ طی سال‌های اخیر به سبب پتانسیل بالایی که دارند، بیش از پیش مورد توجه دلالان و بساز و بفروش‌ها قرار گرفته‌اند. بررسی دلایل شکل‌گیری چنین سطوحی در مرکز شهر قزوین، نشان داد که بالاترین قابلیت توسعه، به محدوده‌هایی مربوط می‌شود که بیشترین مشکلات را از لحاظ شاخص‌های کالبدی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی دارند و پلاک‌هایی که از لحاظ ضوابط و قوانین منطقه‌بندی شرایط مناسبی دارند، دارای بیشترین ظرفیت توسعه‌اند.

By increasing the population, articles and activities in cities, different and sometimes contradictory
 solutions are expressed for urban development, in a way that usage of these solutions causes the
 appearance of suburbs, country sides and vast immigration of villagers to cities etc. especially in the late
 20th century. Continuation of this process not only causes urban sprawl and immethodical growth of city
 in their surrounded lands and environment but also it induces the stunt of central district of traditional
 cities and destroys the natural environment. But by appearance of new approaches of urban development
 as a new urbanism literature like infill development, sustainable development and reusing of existing
 facilities being considered. Therefore brown fields, vacant and abandoned lands especially in the middle
 parts of cities or in the historical context - the fields that in spite of their location within the city, having
 installation, under and up ground facilities and appropriate access to CBD, etc. hindered from
 development and be vacant, abounded or useless - in recent years because of their high potentials are
 considered by dealers and developers more than before. Some benefits of the mentioned approach is
 absorbing growth in existing communities, reducing growth pressure on rural areas, providing efficient
 use of lands, infrastructures, and services, and improving the quality of life in older communities. Infill
 approach enhances the character, viability, and function of existing communities. Maintains or restores
 spatial continuity to streetscapes, strengthens neighborhoods, respects historic preservation, and introduces
 compatible uses that complement existing community attributes and needs. However, infill development
 projects facing with Physical, Social, Regulatory, Economic infill projects that make their, uncertain and
 expensive. In the face of these limitations, most developers avoid infill projects in favor of developments
 that contribute to sprawl. Therefore in this paper, the capacity development of Brownfields, abandoned
 areas and non-used ones in CBD of Qazvin will be assessed by hierarchical analyses (AHP), on the basis
 of the standards and indices of infill development- as the research approach- that have been retrieved from
 obtained methodology of global case studies. These indices that are prioritized according to their
 importance include: readiness of land for development, the zoning regulation, economic factors, and
 access to supporting services, access to communication networks and physical condition. Finally 23
 identified lots were classified in 5 categories on the basis of their development capacity and it was
 determined that the various social, economical, physical, management and environmental functions such
 as downturn, loss of social tendency to development the properties by the owners and investors,
 management challenges, loss of regional criteria, especial characteristics of some properties because of
 their heritage property and etc., have caused formation of such spaces in CBD of city. Therefore by
 examining the reasons of formation of these fields in the center of Qazvin, it will be cleared that the
 highest development abilities are related to the limitations that have the most physical, economical, social
 and environmental functions problems; and the largest development abilities are related to the lots that
 have suitable condition in zoning regulation.

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