بررسی میزان پاسخگویی فضاهای شهری به نیازهای گروه سنی نوجوان بررسی موردی: خیابان آزادی کرج
Exploring the Level of Urban Spaces’ Responsiveness to Adolescents’ Needs Case Study: Azadi Street in Karaj
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توجه به نوجوانان در میان سایر استفادهکنندگان از فضای شهری، اهمیتی مضاعف دارد زیرا آنها در این سن علاقهمندی بسیاری به روابط دوستی و سپری کردن زمان در فضاهای محله دارند. اما متأسفانه در سالهای اخیر با توسعه تکنولوژی و تحول الگوی گذران اوقات فراغت نوجوانان، زمان کلی حضور در فضاهای شهری و تجربه فضاها و روابط عینی برای آنها محدودتر شده است. لذا در پژوهش حاضر، با هدف بررسی میزان پاسخگویی خیابان آزادی بهعنوان یک فضای شهری مهم به نیازهای نوجوانان، پس از تدوین چارچوب نظری پژوهش، با تکمیل 250 نمونه پرسشنامه به بررسی نظرات نوجوانان محله رجاییشهر نسبت به عملکرد خیابان آزادی پرداخته شد و دادهها بهصورت توصیفی و تحلیلی (تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی) آنالیز گردید. نتایج این بررسی نشان میدهد که بیشترین رضایت نوجوانان از نزدیکی خیابان آزادی به مدارس آنها، وجود مراکز خرید و کاربریهای تجاری خردهفروشی در آن و مناسب بودن نورپردازی شبانه خیابان است. کمترین رضایت نیز از وجود امکانات ورزشی، آّب و آبنماها، مسیرهای دوچرخه و امکان مشارکت در فعالیتها یا نگهداری خیابان است. علاوه بر این، طبق نتایج تحلیل عاملی، هشت عامل در عملکرد و پاسخدهی فضا موثر شناخته شد که از میان، «جذابیت و پویایی»، «آرامش و آسایش» و «صمیمیت و خودمانی بودن» این خیابان، درصد بیشتری از واریانس مدل را تبیین میکنند.
Paying attention to adolescents (age 12-19 years old) among other users of urban spaces is very important, because this group compared with other groups, is more sensitive and vulnerable, and threatened by many risks and social injuries. They also have high interest in friendships, so they spend plenty of time at neighborhood spaces. However, unfortunately in recent years, because of technology development and changing adolescents’ leisure patterns, the total time of their presence in urban spaces, and their experience of objective spaces and face to face connections has become more limited. On the other hand, nowadays it is believed that dominant approaches and urban regulations have led to various social, economic, age and gender-based discrimination among citizens, and based on such discriminations the major parts of the public and active spaces in the city have been allocated to adults so kids and teenagers have become marginalized. Therefore in this study, by relying on the basic conception of Ecological Models - indicating the significant role of environmental responsiveness and environmental qualities on communication between environment and users - we tend to identify adolescents and their needs in urban spaces, and explore the status of the Azadi street in Karaj city in order to address these needs. In this regard after constructing the theoretical framework (through the point of view of different theorists in this field), in order to assess the status of Azadi street and its efficiency and level of responsiveness to such needs, 250 questionnaires were distributed among adolescents and collected later in the neighborhood, which their total size is 7138 people according to information obtained from Statistical Center of Iran. The reliability of questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.81), due to its usefulness, there is no need to change or remove any questions. Finally, data has been analyzed through descriptive and analytical statistics (exploratory factor analysis). Factor analysis is known as a model that aims to summarize data by combining environmental characteristics with natural and synthetic data sets. In other words, factor analysis refers to a set of statistical techniques that their common objective is to provide a set of variables in terms of fewer hypothetical variables. Results show that 11% of adolescents visit this street for their unnecessary activities every day, and 73% of them once or several times a week. Most adolescents’ highest level of satisfaction with this street is because of its short distance from their schools, shopping centers and retail markets, and appropriate lightening of the street at nights. The lowest level of their satisfaction with the street was because of the lack of sport facilities, water elements, bicycle paths, and possibility of adolescents’ participation in activities and maintenance of space. Also the results of factor analysis show that according to adolescents’ point of view, "attractiveness and mobility", "convenience and comfort", and "warmth and intimacy" have a greater priority and influence on defining its efficiency and responsiveness.
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