ارزیابی کیفیت محیط در محله های شهری (نمونه موردی: محله چیذر)

            با بروز بحران‌های متعدد اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی، اقتصادی، کالبدی و زیست‌محیطی در شهرهای بزرگ دنیا در نیمه دوم قرن بیستم که ناشی از رشد شتابان شهرنشینی و عدم ارائه طرح و برنامه مناسب بود، کیفیت محیط در محله‌های شهری تنزل یافت. به همین دلیل، در دهه‌های اخیر نظریات متعددی در خصوص بهبود کیفیت محله‌ها ارائه شده است که از میان آنها می‌توان به نظریه توسعه پایدار اشاره کرد. هدف اصلی این نظریه در سطح محلی، ایجاد محیط مطلوب و پایدار برای زندگی ساکنان حال و آینده است. شاخص‌های محله پایدار بسیار متنوع است. تحقیق حاضر با روشی کمّی و کیفی و رویکرد تحلیلی بر اساس برداشت‌های میدانی و مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای، نشان می‌دهد که محله پایدار به تفکیک ابعاد زیست‌محیطی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، اقتصادی و کالبدی، چه ویژگی‌هایی دارد؛ و برای درک بهتر موضوع، میزان پایداری محله چیذر تهران به‌عنوان نمونه موردی، بر اساس دیدگاه‌های ساکنان ـ و نیز نگارندگان ـ و با استفاده از روش تحلیل میزان رضایت ـ اهمیت، مورد ارزیابی قرار می‌گیرد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که به‌رغم کیفیت پایین در برخی از معیارها، محله چیذر نسبتاً پایدار است.

By appearing different crisises in various aspects of social, cultural, economic, physical and environmental issues in large cities around the world in the second half of the 20th century due to inappropriate plans and speed growth of urbanism, the environmental quality in urban neighbourhoods has been decreased. For this reason, various related theories, about improving the quality of neighbourhoods - such as the Sustainable Development Theory- have been defined during the recent decades. The main goal of this theory, at level of neighbourhoods, is about creating a desirable and sustainable environment to live for their present and future residents. There is a large diversity among the defined measures for sustainable neighborhoods Therefore, this study- by quantitive and qualitive methods- based on analyzing, studying and surveys shows, and the characteristics of a sustainable neighbourhood in the fields of environmental, social- cultural, economic and physical issues. At the first step, the authors described the concepts of environmental quality, sustainable development, the neighbourhood (and the sustainable one too), and then they investigated various perspectives about sustainable development and sustainable neighbourhood such as the measures defined in Canada(2001) and the UK(2005), as initial countries, about sustainability at neighbourhood level, as well as the others, such as the principles of sustainable neighbourhood for European countries and so on. Based upon the mentioned measures, the authors defined 34 measures for a sustainable neighbourhood in these aspects: socio-cultural, economical, physical and environmental ones. Then they investigated the sustainability of Chizar neighbourbood in Tehran, as a case study in field of the quality of housing, neighbours and neighbourhood by random sample. Duo to analyzing the quality of Chizar by Satisfaction- Importance Rate, the residents determined their satisfaction and defined the importance of each index, from 1 to 5 (1= very much, and 5= very less). The results for this analysis show that all of the measures at the given three levels ()housing, neighbours and neighbourhood)( need to be improved, because all of the IS rates are more than 0.1. The most sustainability issues in Chizar Neighbourhood are: low crime and current security, responsibility of residents for their neighbourhood, emphasis on cultural and historical heritage, and the existence of residents with different outcomes, local land uses, high quality of services, providing daily needs of residents in neighbourhood and housing for deferent people. The less quality issues are as follows: dimension of roads, green spaces and space for parking. Sustainability of the others is comparative. Furthermore, the Importance- Satisfaction Rate shows the priority of roads, spaces for parking and local parks for reforming as well as evolution at neighbourhood level and also for housing, dimensions of kitchen, number and dimension of rooms, and insects in building are priorities for reforming. On the whole, the results show that Chizar is comparatively a sustainable neighbourhood, despite its low quality in many measures.

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