ایجاد فضای کاشانه در پرورشگاه با تأسی از حس مکان (بررسی موردی: مجتمع خدمات بهزیستی پرورشگاه آمنه تهران)

کودکان بی‌سرپرست به‌دلیل محرومیت از محبت خانواده و دوستان دارای مشکلات هویتی- شخصیتی فراوانی هستند و محیط پرورشگاه به‌عنوان کاشانه‌ای که در آن سکنی گزیده‌اند، تنها همراه همیشگی آنان محسوب می‌گردد. بنابراین احساس تعلق خاطر به چنین مکانی به‌دلیل نقشی که حس‌ مکان در شکل‌گیری هویت کودکان ایفا می‌کند، به‌‌مراتب نسبت به کودکان عادی از اهمیت بیشتری برخوردار است. پژوهش پیش رو بر آن است تا ما را در راستای پاسخ دادن به این پرسش رهنمون گردد که «تأثیر حس مکان در ایجاد فضای مطلوب اقامتی کودکان بی‌سرپرست چگونه است؟». بنابرین ابتدا در بخش نظری به مطالعه منابع کتابخانه‌ای پرداخته شده و در ادامه با تحقیق میدانی و بر اساس یافته‌های بخش نظری، راهکارهای عملی ارائه گردیده است. از این‌رو پس از بررسی معضلات کودکان در محیط‌های پرورشگاهی، ضرورت ایجاد حس ‌مکان جهت رفع برخی از این مشکلات مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در ادامه حس‌ مکان و عوامل شکل‌دهنده آن و نقش هر یک از این عوامل در بهبود فضای پرورشگاه بیان گردیده است. از نتایج بررسی موارد مذکور می‌توان به اهمیت عوامل کالبدی، مشارکت در طراحی مکان و عوامل فعالیتی- تعاملی جهت بهبود فضای پرورشگاه برای ایجاد حس‌ مکان و فضای کاشانه در طراحی مکان مطلوب اقامتی- پرورشی اشاره نمود. به همین منظور راهکارهای ارائه شده، دسته‌بندی گردیده است و در انتها جهت بررسی عملی عوامل ذکر شده، مجتمع خدمات بهزیستی شیرخوارگاه آمنه به‌عنوان نمونه موردی تحلیل شده است.

Unaccompanied children have personal identity problems due to the lack of kindness from their family and friends. Environment of orphanage as a domicile that they have settled is their mere ever comrade. The main problems of them are an identity crisis, isolation, fear, and lack of social relationships and attachment. According to studies, children's sense of place has an important role in obtaining personal identity, so creating place attachment in such residential spaces is necessary. the feeling of fixation to this place because of the role that sense of place plays in the formation of the child identity, is much more important than which in normal children. In fact, the orphanage is a house of children which lived and taught there. In discussing about settlements, creating a sense of place is presented .also promote children's learning and interaction is required for the formation of his personality. Sense of place, is a factor that has a great impact on shaping human identity. An important part of individual`s identity in the society is established in childhood and is based on collective and spatial memories as well as subjective images which underlies many social and personal characteristics such as, anxiety reduction, self-esteem achievement and collective and interactive morale. As a result, the concept of sense of place and the factors contribute to creation of the sense, particularly in childhood years, is an important subject which will be discussed in this paper.

 In this survey, first unaccompanied children are introduces and their problems in the environment of orphanages are studied. To this end, necessity for creating the sense of place to fix some of these problems is perused. Further, sense of place, its factors and the role of each of them in improvement of accommodation spaces of the orphanages are noted. After considering mentioned study, the importance of physical factors, participation in the space designing and active-interactive parameters for developing the atmosphere of orphanage to create sense of place and space of domicile are pointed out. The results of the studies and correspondences, suggest a tremendous impact of active and interactive factors in form of play-partnership, on manipulating the place by child himself and his contributions to designing and creating spaces and individual territories.
 Accordingly, proposed solutions are categorized and at the end for the practical checking of the noted factors, Amene Integrated Services Welfare Nursery as a sample has been studied. After considering their difficulties and problems, solutions and proposed patterns are presented in three major categories. Also In this case, without regard to the psychological needs of children to have a safe and warm environment for settlement only provides a roof and shelter for their children. So it follows with a review of the spaces and functional relationship sat home, trying to offer a model is proposed for the design of such spaces.

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