رده بندی شاخص های استاندارد جهانی LEED در طراحی فضای ویژۀ درمان بر پایۀ ویژگی های زیست بوم منطقه ای؛ بررسی موردی: کلانشهر مشهد

فضای ویژۀ درمان بر پایۀ نوع کاربری و قرارگیری در گروه فضاهای آلایندۀ محیط، واجد اثرگذاری مستقیم بر زیستبوم منطقۀ پیرامونی خویش ارزیابی میشود. چنین فضایی در مسیر دستیابی به هدف توسعۀ پایدار شهری، در ردیف مهمترین کاربریهایی قرار دارد که همسویی معماری و مبانی پایداری محیطی را طلب میکند. استفاده از رویکرد معماری سبز بر پایۀ اصول استاندارد جهانی از اثربخشترین گامها در این زمینه است. پژوهش پیشرو به شیوۀ ترکیبی و با در نظر گرفتن آییننامۀ استاندارد جهانی LEED بهعنوان مبنای ارزیابی، به بازنگری ردهبندی شاخصهای این آییننامه بر اساس ویژگیهای زیستی و بومی در یک منطقۀ معین - کلانشهر مشهد - پرداخته است. به این منظور سنجههای ارزشیابی بیمارستان سبز در آییننامۀ مرجع - LEED - تبیین شده و سپس با هدف تعیین ردۀ اهمیت، شاخصهای مبنا در مقیاس منطقۀ مورد مطالعه - بهعنوان قطب درمانی شرق کشور- به شیوۀ تحلیل کیفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در نهایت سنجش کمّی در هر بخش از شاخصهای زمینه بر پایۀ دادههای مستند آماری موجود برای زیرشاخصهای اعتبارِ بخشی انجام پذیرفته است و با توجه به یافتههای نهایی، ردهبندی جدیدی از شاخصهای جدول ارزیابی مبنا برای طرح فضای درمان سبز در شهر مشهد بر اساس میزان اثربخشی ارائه گردیده است.

A medical space is evaluated to have a direct impact on the ecosystem of its surroundings based on type of its application and for being classified as environmental pollutant spaces. Such environments, considering today’s world movement towards achieving the goal of sustainable development, is classified among the most significant spaces that require to comply with architectural design and principles of environmental sustainability. In the meantime, using green architecture approach based on the global principles which are codified in the international standards of architectural design and environmental structure of the medical spaces as an applicable model in order to create an architectural sustainable environment, are considered as the most significant and effective strategies. Thus, it seems necessary to consider the possibility of using natural environment potential as well the region-specific ecosystem conditions. This study which belongs to the clean environment field, has been performed using the mixed methods with considering the regulation of the LEED global standards as evaluation basis and has attempted to revise the classification of the indexes related to this regulations based on ecosystem characteristics in a particular region, i.e. Mashhad metropolis. To achieve this, at first, the regional and environmental characteristics of Mashhad metropolis have been investigated, based on their strengths and weaknesses in biological resources and social conditions, aiming to identify the features of sustainable medical space plan in the regional scale. Then, evaluation measures of green hospital in the reference regulation - LEED - has been explained, and the basic indexes in the scale of the studied region – as the health hub in the east of Iran - has been investigated using qualitative analysis research method with the purpose of defining their importance level. Quantitative measurement, related to each section of indexes, has been performed for section sub-indexes based on adapted published statistical data, available in official documents, considering the Master Plan for development of Mashhad as the period of effective time. First, the effectiveness of each index is calculated based on the basic check-list. In order to make this possible, determination of the new weights of criteria, which are in the check-list of the standard-based regulation - LEED – has been adjusted to ecosystem conditions. Then the sub-criteria of accreditation for each assessment index and par statistical indicators, aligned with ecological concepts and indexes, have been derived from the official collection of data items. Using the extracted data, average annual growth rate of each of the par statistical indicators is determined in percent. The ultimate impact has been calculated based on the number and percentage of the predicted ideals during selected as the optimal number, which due to the less difference determines more speed in development of the related section. This means that less effort is required to achieve the ideal situation. Finally, according to the final findings, a new classification of basic evaluation table - LEED - has been offered for designing green medical space in Mashhad metropolis, based on the level of effectiveness indexes and ecosystem characteristics of Mashhad.

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