نقش شناخت معمار از کاربر در هویت بخشی به طرح های مسکن روستایی (بررسی موردی: معماری روستایی ایلام)

در این نوشتار ابتد‌ا به شناخت و بررسی تناقض‌های به‌وجود آمد‌ه ناشی از تفاوت ذهنیت طرّاح و کاربر در مسکن روستایی پرد‌اخته شد‌ه که متولیان حوزة معماری برای روستاییان طرّاحی و اجرا کرد‌ه‌اند. در این کار ابتد‌ا با رجوع به ادبیات موضوع به‌طور عام در جهان و به‌طور خاص در روستاهای ایران در قالب مصد‌اق‌های واقعی، تناقض‌های مذکور مورد بررسی اجمالی واقع شد‌ه و در اد‌امه روشی برای نزد‌یک کردن ذهنیات کاربر و طرّاح در مورد محیط مطلوب براساس پژوهش عملی پیشنهاد شد‌ه است. این روش در محیط روستایی ایلام اجرا و نتایج آن ارائه گرد‌ید‌ه است. براساس یک مد‌ل سه‌محوری (با محورهای زمان تجربه، تجربه انسان، تجربه‌کنند‌ه) از عوامل هویت‌بخش، چارچوب مطالعه در 32 جزء، معین شد‌ه و برای بررسی هر یک از این اجزاء سه حالت در نظر گرفته شد‌ه است: اول، عوامل مطلق کالبد‌ی؛ دوم، عوامل شکل گرفته میان کالبد و زمینه اجتماعی-رفتاری؛ و سوم، عوامل مطلق اجتماعی-رفتاری که حالت سوم به‌صورت خاطره جمعی با کالبد نسبت پید‌ا می‌کند. یک حالت از روند مورد بحث در تغییرات انجام‌شد‌ه توسط کاربران در مسکن مهندسی‌ساز روستایی مطالعه گرد‌ید‌ه و عوامل هویت‌بخش از آن استخراج و معرفی شد‌ه است. ابعاد پنجره و موقعیت استقرار آن نسبت به کف و سقف از نمونه‌های عوامل هویتی کشف شد‌ه است.

Today, environmental designers, separate themselves from society in various forms. They suppose that people cannot distinguish architectural quality. Some of architects believe that giving priority to users is wrong and they assume it restricts their creativity. For that reason, architects design and built, regardless of the user's expectations (expectation arising from cultural patterns and archetypes in more vernacular and natural environments). This means that users may not use the architecture or they may change it upon their needs. In this paper, first, it has been investigated that which discrepancies arise from incompatibility of architect's and user's mind in rural housings built by custodians of architecture for people. For this purpose, discrepancies have been investigated with reference to the world's literature in general and specifically those enquiries concentrated on Iranian rural areas, by reference to current examples. Then a method had been proposed to approach subjectivity of user and designer based on practical research about ideal environment. In this method, not only, visual subjectivity expectations (identity) have been perused, but also all of people life details have been investigated in a regular structure. To have a systematic process for the project a triaxial model (developed by the author) has been used to explore factors of subjectivity. It includes three axis (experience time, person experience, experiencing) for exploring identity factors. If we define identity as a kind of recognition arises from human experiment with built space or unity of mental expectation with perceptional content of this experiment then it would be a natural strategy to pursue the subject via human perceptional dimensions. These dimensions upon their place in the spectrum of material-spiritual perception can be proposed in four categories: 1. Physical or bodily dimension; 2. Mental dimension; 3. Social dimension and 4. Spiritual dimension. These kinds of perceptions are in turn subdivided in two main categories due to their source of stimulation: native or nonnative. There is a third and important factor for analyzing these four types of recognition that must be taken into account: what kind of recorded content of the brain is referred. At least four kinds of them can be seen due to the duration of the recorded humane experiment: 1. Immediate perception; 2. Life-long experiment; 3. Inherited image from previous generations (archetypical) and 4.timeless experiment of human-being; upon these three factor a cubical model of 32 separate positions each of which is representative of a different dimension of architectural identity as it relates to human experiment., this research, Based on the model of identity factors, determined in three condition: first, physical absolute factors; second, the factors formed between the body and the social-behavioral facts; third, social-behavioral absolute factors. For each of the conditions examples of projects done by researchers of architecture have been showed. Finally, executed a component of this process, in rural environment of Ilam and its results are presented here. Supplemental step is to net weight the exploring identity factors and separation of structural from non-structural factors. This will be done in future research.

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