تحلیلی بر رابطه میان دسترسی به خدمات شهری و میزان امنیت تصرف ادراکی در سکونتگاه های غیررسمی (بررسی موردی: محله کشتارگاه شهر ارومیه)

تجارب علمی و عملی در مورد رویکردهای ارتقای امنیت تصرف در سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی در چند سال اخیر نشان داده است که فرآیند صدور و ارائه سند به‌علت ناتوانی مالی ساکنان منجر به عدم رغبت آنها برای کسب آن و به‌علت نیروهای قدرتمند و تأثیرگذار در بازار زمین، منجر به بورس‌بازی و احتکار زمین شده است. امروزه به‌جای ارتقای امنیت تصرف از طریق فاکتورهای قانونی، استفاده از ابزارهای میانجی‌گر نظیر ارائه خدمات شهری مرسوم گشته است. در این تحقیق تأثیر دسترسی به خدمات شهری بر میزان امنیت تصرف ادراکی ساکنان محله کشتارگاه ارومیه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در پی بررسی این رابطه از 5 شاخص تبیین‌کنندة امنیت تصرف ادارکی و 7 معیار برای سنجش میزان دسترسی به خدمات شهری استفاده شده است. روش تحقیق در این مقاله از نوع توصیفی و تحلیلی بوده و در آن از روش پیمایش و ابزار پرسش‌نامه و از تکنیک‌های تحلیل شبکه در محیط ArcGIS، تحلیل فازی و روش‌های آماری ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که با افزایش دسترسی به خدمات شهری میزان امنیت تصرف ادارکی ساکنان محله کشتارگاه ارومیه افزایش یافته است بدین‌صورت که حدود 60 درصد از واریانس امنیت تصرف ادارکی در این محله وابسته به دسترسی به خدمات شهری است.

Tenure security is one of the primary rights of households that its lack leads to economic, social, psychological and political challenges. In recent years, special attention has been given to tenure in security in improving informal settlements, in such a way that in 2003 and 2006 this has been on the main research pivots on informal settlements in UN-HABITAT. Thus, tenure security has become a deprivation index in settlements. Tenure security is much more than simply examining legal title deeds, and now involves social, economic and life-quality indexes. In recent years, scientific and practical experience on tenure security index indicate that the expensive process of title deeds issuance has made the inhabitants reluctant to pursue the mentioned process due to their financial inability, and also because of powerful and influential forces in land market, land hoarding and speculation have come into existence. Indeed, de facto and supra legal and perceived indexes along with legal ones, hold sway on tenure security scale in informal settlements.These days, instead of enhancement of tenure settlement through legal procedures, the application of mediating tools like urban services has become prevalent. In the current research the effect of urban services accessibility on perceived tenure security of inhabitants in Koshtargah neighborhood is examined. Examining urban services accessibility scale, five explanatory indexes of perceived tenure security consist of concern about the informality of neighborhood, concerns about the municipality dissatisfaction with the from living in the neighborhood, fear of homelessness after evacuation, possibility of forced eviction at any moment and possibility of forced eviction in the next five year, and seven criteria, as well as fifteen sub criteria are utilized. Research method is descriptive – analytical, and survey, questionnaire, as well as ArcGIS techniques, fuzzy analysis and statistical methods such as Pearson correlation coefficient and regression are used. The results shows a positive, correct relation between urban services accessibility and perceived tenure security in Koshtargahand the more urban services are accessible, the perceived tenure security of Koshtargah inhabitants is stronger, in such a way that about 60 percent variance of perceived tenure security in this neighborhood is depend on urban services accessibility. According to the results, proposing  that to formalize the informal settlements, provide the urban services as a mediating tool in these settlements to be considered and presentation legal property deed to be considered a long-term plan. improving the urban services in neighborhood residents of Koshtargah led to reducing fear than forced evacuation and as a result, increasing the residents' perception of security of tenure. Increased sense of security in tenure housing has led to increased confidence in the residents from residence that this led to the creation of investment in housing and providing to incentives for voluntary cooperation of residents is to improve neighborhood. Access to services could represent the beginning of a movement is to formal recognize the neighborhood and It's a sign of acceptance the area on urban management organization in Urmia.

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