بررسی تطبیقی آثار معماری اسلامی: از برج قابوس‌بن وشمگیر در ایران، تا برج‌های دوقلوی پترناس (KLCC)

بررسی سیر تحول آثار معماری و بناهای برجسته در هزاره گذشته در نقاط گوناگون جهان اسلام بیانگر توان توسعه فراوان و امیدوارکنندة معماری اسلامی در دنیاست. در مقالة حاضر، نخست برج قابوس‌بن وشمگیر (قرن 10 م.) واقع در گنبد کاووس استان گلستان، منار جام (1194 م.) در ولایت غور افغانستان و آرامگاه علی‌آباد در نزدیکی شهر کاشمر استان خراسان رضوی (قرن 13 م.) مورد مطالعه و بررسی قرار گرفته است. نگارندگان در این مقاله با بهره‌گیری از روش توصیفی، تحلیلی، مقایسه‌ای و تطبیقی و با استفاده از شواهدی که از نتیجه بررسی سیر تحول بناهای مذکور به‌دست آمد، به این نتیجه رسیدند که: معماری برج‌های دوقلوی مالزی نخست از منار قطب در طراحی بدنه سود جسته است. همچنین، در طراحی بدنه منار قطب از منار جام، برج قابوس‌بن وشمگیر و آرامگاه علی‌آباد اقتباس شده است. شکل کلی پلان و نحوه طراحی بدنه برج‌های مذکور تأثیر این سیر تحول را در شکل و فرم بدنه برج‌های دوقلو به خوبی نشان می‌دهد. به‌طور کلی این مقاله نشان می‌دهد که طراحی نمای برج‌های دوقلوی مالزی قبلاً در ایران و سپس در هندوستان انجام شده است.

Islamic architecture has been developed very well within a vast geographical world of Islam. Studying the
 evolution of the valuable structures, built since 1000 years ago in different parts of the Islamic world
 indicates that there is a valuable potential in traditional Islamic architecture to be considered in developing
 contemporary architecture. Among these valuable structures, the designs of various types of minarets and
 tombs are considered to be studied and analyzed in this paper. The minaret which means the place of light
 was built as a landmark and monumental structure. They were built to help passengers finding their ways
 and also as a memorial related to the kings and their builders. They were also built as a part of mosques
 from where Muslims were called to pray in the right times. According to a viewpoint some towers like
 Qabus tower were built as tombs. Today minarets are transformed to towers with a bigger plan and greater
 different function like Petronas Twin Towers (KLCC). In this regard the process of tower design (minaret)
 from Qabus tower, Jam minaret and Qutb minaret have been studied and their impact on each other has
 been analyzed and their relation with Petronas tower has been mentioned. Comparative analysis of these
 towers and Tomb shows that designing the façade of Petronas Twin Towers has been under impression of
 designing the plan and façade of Qutb Minar in India. Qutb Minar itself was constructed under impression
 of Jam Minar and Qabus tower and Aliabad Tomb in Iran (all built before 13th AD). Qutb Minar and the
 other towers which affected the form of Qutb Minar are the samples of Islamic architecture, so it can be
 also said that Petronas Twin towers have been constructed as a sample of evolution of Islamic architecture.
 The outline plan of all these towers are almost circle and as it is shown in studying the evolution of these
 towers, the façade of Qabus tower has angular grooves, and Jam Minar’s façade is circular and decorated
 with projected brick works (Names of the God and the verses of Quran). There is a combination of angular
 and rounded grooves in Qutb Minar’s facade and Aliabd Tomb in Iran. The façade of Qutb Minar’s has
 been decorated with cream and rosy stone (names of the God and the verses of Quran). It seems that the
 design of façade in KLCC has been under the effects of the towers and the tow that mentioned above. The
 materials which are used in façade of Petronas Twin Towers are glass and metal (steel and aluminum)
 instead of brick and stone. These materials are used because of their brightness and consistency as well as
 their availability. This research has a message to Islamic architects (and the other ones too), who want to
 design with respect to Islamic architecture, that if they do adequate research about the chronology of
 Islamic architecture and its design creation in the past, they can do successful design to get international
 opportunity like the architect of Petronas Twin Towers.

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