کاربرد روش تحقیق کیفی برای فهم ابعاد عاطفی مکان (نمونه موردی: فضای زیرزمینی شوادان)

این مقاله به بررسی ابعاد عاطفی مکان در فضای زیرزمینی شوادان که در فصولگرم سال در خانه‌های شهر دزفول استفاده می‌شود می‌پردازد. موضوع این تحقیق، عدمپاسخگویی به برخی از نیازهای روحی و آسایشی مردم در معماری امروز است. در معماریگذشتة ایران، مکان‌های فراوانی یافت می‌شدند که می‌توانستند آثار روحی مثبتی رابرای مردم در خود داشته باشند. اما اینکه چه تجربه‌ای تعامل بین مردم و مکان سکونتو استقرارشان را تعریف می‌کند، و این تجربه چگونه و در چه ابعادی از احساس و عاطفهرخ می‌نماید، تاکنون در ایران بررسی نشده است. هدف این تحقیق نیز دستیابی به چنینابعادی از تجربة حضور مردم در شوادان‌هاست. فهم تجربه مردم در کشف ابعاد عاطفیمکان، برآمده از نگرش پدیدارشناسانه به مکان است. لذا روش تحقیق انتخابی،پدیدارشناختی است. اما اهمیت شوادان به عنوان نمونه مکانی این تحقیق، نخست به خاطرنوع معماری متمایز آن است که در مقایسه با ساختارهای متداول، طبیعتی بکر را درخانه‌های دزفولی فراهم آورده است. دلیل دوم انتخاب شوادان، تداوم زندگی در آن دستهاز خانه‌های دزفولی است که گاه از فضای زیرزمینی آنها استفاده می‌شود. این تحقیقبا مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاری از 20 نفر، بر پایه تعامل مردم و مکان شوادان، به نتایجیاز کشف معانی‌ای چون انقطاع، آرامش، تنش‌زدایی، فراغت ذهن و تفکر رسیده است. معانیبه‌دست آمده، مفهوم مکان شوادان را از بعد عاطفی نشان می‌دهند

In people-environment relationship lived-experience is likely to be asignificant component of place
meaning known as phenomenological works that attribute to understanding unconcealed environmental
properties and meanings. In this article a group of selected persons was conducted to find out the
emotional dimensions of a place named Shavadan. Shavadan found as a sophisticated underground space
of Iranian houses in Dezful. It looks like – but really it is not - a segregated part from the whole
configuration of a house. This place with 5-15 meters depth has been excavated completely under the
ground with access to a series of stairs mostly from the courtyard. This studyregards to human well-being
and his demands and focuses on the non-physical human needs that mostly are not responded. The main
problem is that while human live in architectural contemporary modern places,the answers to his
emotional demands are totally incomplete. There are different places throughout Iranian traditional
architecture in which dwellers positively might be influenced in interaction with whole space. Throughout
the variety of indigenous house typology in Iran, searching a variety of indoorresidential spaces, mostly
the private types, and the case study was selected in Dezful city for its existing residents and special
distinctive properties of Shavadan that cannot be easily found in modernbuildings. Shavadan which
means a dark place is used during hot summer days. It has been excavatedcompletely under the ground
with access to a series of stairs mostly from the courtyard. There is apeculiar feature where the walls and
roof are exactly in the form of buried/ dug ground but not an ordinary ground,which looks like an
integrated screen of stony texture. Geologically, Dezful’s earth is sedimentaryrock, called conglomerate.
Consequently, among the verities of living spaces, at the time of long hotsummer days, even the total
shadowed parts of semi-open space “Iwan” are uncomfortable, and there fore theresidents move to
Shavadan till the heat intensity would drop at about sunset. Concerning thenon-physical aspects of
Shavadan, the person’s image of being in a living space, taps into a personalexperience, never studied
before to understand its nature. To learn about such kind of place that ismeaningful to people, a
phenomenological study and 20 semi-structured interviews conducted to find antthe human experiences in
the mentioned place. Here, the research questions are based on two matters ofwhat people do experience
in interaction with place and how they experience it. Two groups of peopleparticipated for interviews
inside Shavadan the first group had no experience, so they perceived the placefor the first time; and the
second one the local people experience it they lived in the place, experienced it and communicated with it
by their occupation of the space. The feelings and emotions of the member oftwo mentioned groups were
conveyed through their non-physical interaction with the environment. Thequalitative thematic analysis
reveals phenomena such as distinctiveness, tranquility, relief as well as thoughtfulness, etc.

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