شبیه سازی جریان در تونل باد و بهینه سازی شکل آئرودینامیک ساختمانهای بلند برای بهبود ضریب پسا تحت تأثیر نیروی باد
Wind Tunnel Flow Simulation and Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of Tall Buildings to Improve the Drag Coefficient under Wind Forces
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گزارش خطا
رفتارشناسی باد در اطراف ساختمانهای بلند به‌عنوان یکی از مباحث بسیار مهم در طراحی معماری و طراحی سازه شناخته می‌شود. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی تکنیک‌های آئرودینامیکی و بهینه‌سازی فرم در ساختمانهای بلند برای کاهش نیروی پسا بود.برای شبیه‌سازی دینامیک سیالات محاسباتی و تونل باد از نرم‌افزار Autodesk Flow Design 2014 بهره‌گیری شد. این شبیه سازی بر روی 29 مدل ساختمانی که با تکنیک‌های آئرودینامیکی طراحی شده بودند انجام شد. تکنیک‌های آئرودینامیکی به دو صورت اصلاحات آئرودینامیکی شامل پخ زدن، نرم کردن و دندانه‌دار کردن و همین‌طور فرم‌های آئرودینامیکی نیز شامل مخروطی، عقب‌نشینی و پیچشی بودند که بر روی اشکال با سطح مقطع مربع، مثلث و دایره مدل‌سازی شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد برای طراحی ساختمانهای حدود 150 متر، شکل پایه مثلث با اصلاح آئرودینامیکی پخ خورده و با فرم آئرودینامیکی مخروطی می‌تواند دارای کمترین میزان ضریب پسا و همین‌طور بهترین رفتار آئرودینامیکی را در برابر نیروی باد داشته باشد.
Aerodynamic behavior is an important characteris tic of tall and ductile buildings, so aerodynamic design can play a key role in reducing the wind effect on these buildings. A tall building’s response to wind can be controlled by application of aerodynamic improvements to building’s design in order to manipulate the wind flow pattern and break the effective wind force acting on the s tructure. Traditionally the approach of s tructural engineers to mitigating wind loading and associated deflections and motions on tall buildings was to s tiffen the building with the aim of increasing the natural frequency. Tall modern buildings are extremely sensitive to the wind. Thus, assessment of wind loads to design these buildings is essential. Monitoring the wind, which is forcing extraordinary tall buildings, is highly challenging. Due to increasing cons truction in recent decades, the s tudy on wind flow over high-rise buildings has become a popular subject in theoretical research and applied engineering applications. By looking at recent cons tructions in Iran, it is obvious that despite the fact that cons tructing tall buildings is spreading, there is less concentration on environmental factors. In tall buildings, aerodynamic behavior generally becomes important. The wind-induced building response of tall buildings can be reduced by means of aerodynamic from design and modifications that change the flow pattern around the building or break up the wind affecting the building face. Aerodynamic-based design can be divided into two types, “aerodynamic architectural design” and “aerodynamic architectural modifications” and their subgroups. The accurate es timation of the critical response parameters, such as top floor accelerations and displacements, is of fundamental importance when ensuring reliable designs of tall buildings. Methods to this end are typically set in a modal analysis framework and therefore require the es timation of the generalized forcing functions. Tall buildings are particularly prone to dynamic excitations such as those from natural disas ters like s trong winds and earthquakes, and this has become an especially important design issue. One way to minimize wind-induced vibrations of tall buildings is to focus more on their shapes in the design s tage. Inves tigated aerodynamic forces and wind pressures acting on tall buildings with various unconventional configurations. The proposed of this research, inves tigation of aerodynamic shape optimization on tall buildings in order to reduce drag force. The aerodynamic forms such as a set-back, tapered and helical (twis ted) and also aerodynamic modifications such as a chamfered corner, rounded corner and recessed corner to control and reduce wind forces and vortices on tall buildings are considered. On this basis, the s tudy was carried out with numerical simulation of wind tunnel tes t on 29 building models. In order to cons truct 3D models, AutoCAD 2014 software was deployed and also to numerically simulate wind tunnel Autodesk Flow Design 2014 is used. Building samples were entered into the software via format FBX. The results showed that for a tall building with a triangular footprint and height of about 150 meters, base shape with chamfered corners of aerodynamic modification and tapered of aerodynamic form can have the bes t aerodynamic behavior agains t wind forces.
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