مطالعه‌ی تطبیقی حجاب‌زدایی و حریم‌زدایی در البسه و ابنیه‌ی ایرانی قبل و بعد از ظهور سلسله‌ی پهلوی

مسئله ­ی عدم رعایت حریم در البسه و ابنیه‌ی معاصر ایرانی، از مسائل مهم فرهنگی کشور است که به دلیل عدم تناسب با فرهنگ اسلامی ایرانی، تبعات فرهنگی اجتماعی مختلفی را در جامعه‌ی معاصر ایران به بار آورده است. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش تفسیری تاریخی و با استناد به منابع اسنادی، به ژرف‌کاوی این سؤال می­پردازد که آیا به لحاظ تاریخی، در تحولات سده‌ی اخیر ایران، بین حجاب­زدایی در البسه (به طور خاص لباس بانوان) و حریم­زدایی در ابنیه (به طور خاص بناهای مسکونی) ارتباط معناداری وجود دارد؟ طبق یافته­های این پژوهش و در پاسخ به سوال فوق چنین استنباط می­شود که در تاریخ معاصر ایران، کنش­های حجاب­زدا و حریم­زدا در البسه و ابنیه، ریشه در بینش مشترکی دارند که مکتب فکری لیبرالیسم، به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین وجوه مدرنیزاسیون و تجدّد‌مآبی با تأکید بر آزادی مطلق فرد، وجه شاخص این بینش است. در دوره‌ی پهلوی، ما‌به‌ازای این لیبرالیسم در البسه، به کشف حجاب و آزادی مطلق بانوان در پوشش و حجاب تعبیر شد؛ کما اینکه مابه ازای آن در معماری، به برونگرایی و حریم‌زدایی از بناها (لیبراسیون فضایی) تعبیر گردید. علاوه بر مبنای بینشیِ مشترک، از مهم‌ترین وجوه مشترک حجاب‌زدایی و حریم‌زدایی در البسه و ابنیه، برونزا بودن و بسط آنها از دولت به مردم در دوره پهلوی بوده است که شواهد این مدّعا در این پژوهش ارائه شده است.

The issue of non-observance of privacy in contemporary Iranian clothes and buildings is one of the most important cultural issues in the country due to its lack of proportion to the Islamic culture of Iran, it has brought various cultural and social consequences in contemporary Iranian society; in particular, there are some verses in the holly Qur'an referring to the issue of veiling for women, Like these verses: “O Prophet, tell your wives, your daughters and the believing women to draw their veils close to them, so it is likelier they will be known, and not hurt. Allah is the Forgiver, the Most Merciful” (Ahzab/59). “And say to the believing women, that they lower their gaze cast down their eyes and guard their chastity, and do not reveal their adornment except that which is outward (face and hands); and let them draw their veils over their neck, and not reveal their adornment except to their husbands, or their fathers, or their husbands' fathers, or their sons, or their husbands' sons, or their brothers, or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women, or what their right hands own, or such male attendants having no sexual desire, or children who have not yet attained knowledge of women's private parts; nor let them stamp their feet, so that their hidden ornament is known. And, O believers turn to Allah all together, in order that you prosper” (Noor/31).
This research using the historical interpretation method and with reference to documentary sources deals with this question that historically, in the recent centuries of Iran, is there a meaningful relationship between veil abandonment in clothing (especially women's clothing) and privacy abandonment in building (especially residential buildings)?
According to the findings of this research and in response to the above question, it is concluded that in the contemporary history of Iran, veil abandonment and privacy abandonment actions in clothes and buildings are rooted in a common vision which the intellectual school of liberalism, as one of the most important aspects of modernization and modernity, emphasizing the absolute freedom of the individual is the indicator of this insight. In the Pahlavi era, the manifestation of this liberalism in clothing has been interpreted as the discovery of the veil and the absolute freedom of women in dress and veil, as its expression in architecture has been interpreted as extravagance and privacy abandonment of buildings (spatial liberation). In addition to the common insight, the most important aspects of veil abandonment and privacy abandonment in Iranian clothing and buildings is eternality and extension of the government to the people during the Pahlavi era which the evidence of this claim is presented in this study.