کاربست مدل‌های ارزش نسبی در انتخاب و اولویت‌بندی پروژه‌های شهری با رویکرد مدیریت سبد پروژه؛ بررسی موردی: معاونت شهرسازی و معماری شهرداری تهران
Application of Relative Value Models in the Urban Projects? Selection and Prioritization through Portfolio Management Approach Case Study: Tehran Municipalitys Department of Planning and Architecture
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مدیریت سبد پروژه رویکردی نو و برگرفته از دانش مدیریت پروژه است که برای بهره‌وری هرچه بهتر و مؤثرتر مجموعه پروژه‌ها و طرح‌ها در سازمان‌های پروژه‌محور مورد تأکید است. از اجزای اصلی تشکیل‌دهنده مدیریت سبد پروژه می‌توان به چارچوب یا مدل فرآیندی، معیارهای تصمیمگیری و ابزارها و تکنیک‌های انتخاب سبد پروژه اشاره کرد. تصمیمگیری مناسب در مورد انتخاب این اجزا متناسب با ویژگی‌های هر سازمان از اقدامات اصلی و تأثیرگذار در مدیریت سبد پروژه به شمار می‌رود. این مقاله با ارائه چارچوب مدیریت سبد پروژه، به دنبال شناسایی ابعاد و معیارهای مؤثر در انتخاب سبد پروژه‌های معاونت شهرسازی و معماری شهرداری تهران و ارائه روش ترکیبی برای انتخاب آن است. این پژوهش از نظر هدف، یک پژوهش کاربردی است و از حیث گردآوری داده‌ها، یک تحقیق توصیفی- پیمایشی محسوب می‌شود. فرآیند مدیریت سبد پروژه از چهار گام انتخاب سبد، تصویب، اجرا و نظارت تشکیل می‌شود که برای انتخاب سبد پروژه‌های معاونت شهرسازی و معماری پیشنهاد می‌شود با لحاظ کردن معیارهای فنی، مالی، اجتماعی، زیست‌محیطی، اقتصادی، رقابتی و ریسک، از ترکیب روش‌های دلفی برای شناسایی این معیارها، از فرآیند تحلیل شبکه‌ای برای امتیازدهی آنها و از تکنیک تاپسیس برای رتبه‌بندی پروژه‌ها و انتخاب سبدی بهینه از آنها استفاده شود.
Nowadays, most of the major municipalities are faced with many new projects up and running, sometimes their essential resources to start or finish them is several times more than the annual calculated budget. Most of the project-driven organizations use project portfolio management approach to deal with these types of problems and better productivity of their projects. The main constituent components include a process framework, decision criteria, methods and models of choosing the portfolio. The main objectives of this study is Identifying the most important aspects and criteria of projects selection and prioritization in the Department of Urban Development and Architecture, optimal portfolio selection and offering a mix of relative value models for the study's project portfolio selection. This study is an applied research in terms of objective and a descriptive - review one in terms of data collection. The instruments of data collection are reviews of documentation, interviews and questionnaires. According to the paper findings, the project portfolio management consists of a four-step process, portfolio selection, approval, implementation, monitoring and control. The project portfolio is defined and chosen as the first step through a five-step process, classification of projects, comprehensive evaluation of project, project selection, prioritization of projects and balancing the portfolios (in the case of more than one portfolio). The second step is making decisions of the approval and allocation of resources. Implementing the approved portfolio usually done at the third step and finally, the fourth step is consisted of a continuous and regular reporting and monitoring of all the undertaken works during the process of the running project portfolio. Classification methods and models of portfolio can be pointed out as other findings of this research. The project portfolio selection procedures can be classified into four groups, relative value models, economic value models, optimization models and artificial intelligence models. Unlike the economic value models, the relative value models assesse the projects based on a comparison against fixed scale or other projects and take advantages of qualitative and quantitative criteria for the projects selection simultaneously. The proposed model for Urban Development and Architecture Department of Tehran Municipality's project portfolio were offered as a combination of Delphi, Analytic Network Process and TOPSIS techniques. In the first phase of the proposed model, Delphi method was used to determine the dimensions and criteria of the projects selection and prioritization. In order to select and prioritize case study projects, decision criteria were separately recognized and classified through technical, financial, social, environmental and economic cases for the selection of new projects, and technical, financial, social, environmental, risks and economic cases for the prioritizing new running projects with low percent of physical progress. In the second stage, weights of the dimensions and criteria were determined through network analysis process, so that, social, environmental and financial criteria obtained more points than the other groups by reviewing its results in both the selection and prioritization. In the third stage, final grading of the projects was done by TOPSIS technique, and the projects portfolio orders and points were determined. The results of the first step can be used in the resource allocation in the second step process of portfolio management.
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